Lab Report: Study of Overhead Conductors, Underground Cables, Line Supports, and Line Insulators

1. Title:

Study of Overhead Conductors, Underground Cables, Line Supports, and Line Insulators

2. Objective:

To understand the types, construction, functions, and applications of overhead conductors, underground cables, line supports, and line insulators used in electrical transmission and distribution systems.

3. Apparatus/Materials:

  • Sample overhead conductors (AAC, ACSR, AAAC)
  • Underground cable samples (XLPE, PILC)
  • Line support models (poles and towers)
  • Insulator types (pin, disc, suspension insulators)

4. Theory:

  1. Overhead Conductors:

    • Carry high-voltage current in overhead transmission lines.
    • Examples: AAC (All Aluminium Conductor), ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced), AAAC (All Aluminium Alloy Conductor).

  2. Underground Cables:

    • Used for electrical transmission beneath the surface to avoid environmental exposure.
    • Types: XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene), PILC (Paper Insulated Lead Covered).

  3. Line Supports:

    • Provide mechanical support to conductors in overhead transmission lines.
    • Types: Wooden poles, steel towers, reinforced concrete poles.

  4. Line Insulators:

    • Electrically isolate conductors from the supports.
    • Types: Pin insulators, suspension insulators, disc insulators.

5. Procedure:

  1. Examine the samples of overhead conductors and note their structure and material composition.
  2. Inspect underground cables and identify insulation types and applications.
  3. Study line supports, including pole and tower designs, and observe their differences.
  4. Analyze line insulator samples to understand how they isolate conductors from support structures.

6. Observations:






 

7. Results:

  • Identified different types and functions of conductors, cables, supports, and insulators.
  • Learned the importance of selecting appropriate components based on environmental and load conditions.

8. Conclusion:

This experiment provided a comprehensive understanding of the components used in electrical transmission systems, including their structures, properties, and applications. Proper selection of these components ensures efficient and reliable power transmission.